kuttikalute avakaashangal

Ip«nIfpsS AhImi§Ä

Ip«nIfpsS AhImikwc£W¯n\mbn D­mb BZys¯ Iq«mb kwcw`w 1902  tNÀ¶ Hague Conference on Private International law BWv. Cu tIm¬{^³kn ‘Best Interest of the child’ ]cnKWn¡Wsa¶pw Xocpam\ambn. AXmbXv Ip«nbpambn _Ôs¸« Imcy§fn Xocpam\§sfSp¡pt¼mÄ Ip«nIfpsS \·¡am{Xambncn¡Ww ap³Xq¡w. C¶pw Ip«nIfpsS Imcy§fn Xocpam\saSp¡pt¼mÄ \ap¡v aäp ]e Xmev]cy§Ä¡pw ap³Xq¡w \ÂtI­nhcp¶ntÃ?. kzoUnjv s^an\nÌmb Ellenkey 1903  FgpXnb ‘The century of the child’ F¶ ]pkvXI¯nemWv i_vZn¡m³ Ignbm¯ Ip«nIfpsS ‘i_vZw’ BZyambn apg§nt¡«Xv. 20þmw \qäm­nsâ XpS¡¯nend§nb Cu ]pkvXIw temI hym]Iambn hmbn¡s¸SpIbpw Ip«nIfpsS AhImi§sf¸än Häbv¡pw Iq«mbpw Nn´n¡m³ CShcp¯pIbpw sNbvXp. ]t£ Hcp \qäm­n\ptijhpw \½psS cmPy¯v Ip«nIfpsS ØnXn F´mWv? XpSÀ¶v 1919  A´mcmjvSsXmgn kwLS\ (ILO) Ip«nIsf sXmgnÂimeIfn \nban¡pt¼m­mbncnt¡­ Ipdª {]mbw, AhÀ¡p \ÂInbncnt¡­ aäp kmlNcy§Ä F¶nh \nÝbn¨p.  A¶p ]t£ _methe \ntcm[n¡m³ IgnªnÃ.

]n¶oSv Cu cwK¯pImcyamb apt¶äap­mbXv 1924  \S¶ P\oh a\pjymhImi kt½f\t¯mS\p_Ôn¨p­mb {]Jym]\amWv.  CXn Ip«nIfpsSAhImiw {]tXyI hnjbambn AhXcn¸n¨p. 1920  sdUv t{Imkv skmsskän XpS§nb “tkhv Zn NnÂ{U³ CâÀ\mjW bqWnb³’ F¶ kwLS\bpsS {]hÀ¯\amWv P\oh {]Jym]\¯nte¡v hgn sXfn¨Xv.

Geneva Declaration of the right of the Child

1.       Ip«nIfsS kzm`mhnI hnIk\¯n\mhiyamb `uXnIhpw Bßobhpamb kmlNcy§Ä e`yam¡pI.

2.      hni¡p¶ Ip«nIÄ¡p `£Whpw tcmK_m[nXÀ¡p NnInÕbpw, A\mYÀ¡pw ]mÀ¸nSanÃm¯hÀ¡pw kwc£Whpw ]mÀ¸nSkuIcyhpw \ÂIpI.

3.       FÃm¯cw k¦S§fnÂ\n¶pw ZpchØIfn \n¶pw Ip«nIÄ¡p tamN\w \ÂIpI.

4.      FÃm¯cw NqjW§fn \n¶pw Ip«nIÄ¡p tamN\w \ÂIn a\ptjymNnXamb PohnXkmlNcyw Hcp¡pI.

5.      klPohnItfmSp tkh\]cambn CSs]Sp¶Xn\pw kZvKpW§Ä t]mjn¸n¡p¶Xn\pw Bhiyamb Aht_m[w \ÂIpI.

    ]¯p hÀj§Ä¡ptijw 1934  eohv Hm^v t\j³kv ta¸dª Imcy§sf ]p\x{IaoIcn¡pIbpw Iq«nt¨À¡epIÄ hcp¯pIbpw sNbvXp. XpSÀ¶v 1948 sebpw bp.F³. C¡tWmanIkv Bâv  tkmjy Iu¬knensâ a\pjymhImi{]Jym]\¯nsâ NphSp]nSn¨v 1959  Ip«nIfpsS AhImi {]Jym]\ap­mbn. CXn taÂ]dª AhImi§Ä¡p ]pdsa KÀ`mhØbnepw A\´chpw Ip«nIÄ¡p e`nt¡­ AhImi§Ä Iq«nt¨À¡s¸«p.

   1989  Ip«nIfpsS AhImi§Ä F¶ Hä AP­ am{Xw h¨v bp.F³ P\d Akw»n tNcpIbpw Ip«nIfpsS AhImi{]Jym]\w \S¯pIbpw sNbvXp. Ip«nIfpsS AhImi§fpsS amáImÀ« F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ Cu {]Jym]\w  Hä FXnÀthm«p t]mepanÃmsX ]mÊmhpIbpw, C´ymbpÄs¸sSbpff cmPy§Ä ]mÀesaân NÀ¨ sNbvXv AwKoIcn¡pIbpw AX\pkcn¨pff \nba\nÀamWw cmPy§fn \S¶psIm­ncn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

                                       

Child Right Connension 1989

(CRC 1989)

Cu {]Jym]\¯n 54 BÀ«n¡nfpIfmbn  Ip«nIfpsS hnhn[§fmb AhImi§sf]än {]Xn]mZn¡p¶p. Cu AhImi§sf s]mXphn A©v taJeIfnembn Xncn¡mw

	taJe	DZmlcWw
1	Civil Rights	imcocnI, am\knI]oV\¯n \n¶pfftamN\w
2	Political Rights	Ip«nIfpsS A`n{]mb§Ä¡pam\yamb Øm\wþ Xocpam\§fn ]¦mfn¯w
3	Economics Rights	k¼¯n\pff AhImiw
4	Social  Rights	hnZym`ymk¯n\pff AhImiw
5	Cultural  Rights	kmwkvImcnI {]hÀ¯\§fn GÀs¸Sm\pff AhImiw

{][m\ BÀ«n¡nfpIÄ  ]cnNbs¸Smw.

BÀ«n¡nÄ þ1  BcmWpIp«n ?

           ‘Ip«n’ \nÀhN\¯n 18 hbÊphscbpff apgph³ a\pjycpw DÄs]Sp¶p. C¡mcy¯n cmPy, aX, hÀ¤, hÀ®, enwK t`Z§sfm¶pw ]mSnà 18 hbÊn XmsgbpffhÀ¡v km[mcWa\pjymhImi§Ä¡p ]pdta Ip«nIÄ¡pff {]tXyIAhImi§fpw e`n¡p¶p. DZmlcW¯n\v {Inan\ tIkpIfn e`n¡p¶ in£bn 18 hbÊn XmsgbpffhÀ¡p {]tXyI ]cnKW\bp­v.

BÀ«n¡nÄ þ2

Xmsg ]dbm³ t]mIp¶ AhImi§Ä FÃmhÀ¡pw e`yamhWwþ Ip«nIÄ F¶ \nebnepff {]tXyI  ]cnKW\ ]cnc£ AhImi§Ä e`yamIp¶Xn bmsXmcpXc¯nepff hnthN\hpw  ]mSpffXÃ.

BÀ«n¡nÄ þ3

Best Interest of the child

Ip«nIfpambn _Ôs¸« Imcy§fn Xocpam\§sfSp¡pt¼mÄ Ip«nIfpsS D¯aXmev]cy¯n\v (\·¡v) am{Xambncn¡Ww ap³Xq¡w. Xocpam\§sfSp¡p¶hcpsS Xocpam\§sf kzm[o\n¡m³ Ignbp¶hcpsS XmÂ]cy§Ä¡mbn¡cpXv ap³Xq¡w. ]t£ \½psS kaql¯nÂ, hnZym`ymktaJebn C¶p­mbns¡m­ncn¡p¶ ]e Xocpam\§fpw ‘Ip«nIfpsS D¯aXmev]cyw’ kwc£n¡p¶XmtWm F¶p ]cntim[nt¡­nbncn¡p¶p.

BÀ«n¡nÄ þ4

\nba\nÀ½mWw cmPy§fn :þ FÃm cmPy§fpw Ip«nIfpsS AhImi§Ä AwKoIcns¨¦nepw Hmtcm cmPyhpw AhchcppsS cmPy§fn \nba\nÀamWw \S¯m³ _m[yXs¸«ncn¡p¶p. C´ybnepw AXn\\pkcn¨v \nba\nÀamW§Ä \S¶psIm­ncn¡p¶p. AXn Gähpw Ahkm\t¯XmWv hnZym`ymk AhImi\nbw þ2009 AXn\pap¼p­mb \nbaw _methe \ntcm[\\nbahpw. hnZym`ymk AhImi\nbaw \S¸m¡p¶Xn\papt¶mSnbmbnbn«mWv , Un.]n.C.]n, Fkv.Fkv.F, BÀ.Fw.Fkv.F F¶n t{]mPIvSpIÄ \nehn h¶Xv RTE Act  2009 A\pkcn¨v 14 hbÊphscbpffhcpsS hnZym`ymkw kuP\yhpw \nÀ_ÔnXhpamWv.  Ip«nIfpsS AhImi§Ä \nehn h¶v \o­ 20 hÀjw Im¯ncnt¡­nh¶p \½psS hnZym`ymk AhImi\nba¯n\v. 18 hbÊphsc hnZym`ymkw kuP\yhpw \nÀ_ÔnXhpamIm³ þ 18 hbÊphsc hnZym`ymkw Ip«nIfpsS AhImiambn amdm³ \mw F{X \mÄ Im¯ncnt¡­nhcpw?

BÀ«n¡nÄ þ 1

AÑ\pw A½bv¡pw H¸w Xmakn¡m\pff AhImiw

Hmtcm Ip«n¡pw Xsâ amXm]nXm¡tfmsSm¸w Xmakn¡m\pff AhImiap­v. CXnsâ shfn¨¯nemWv hntZi¯p tPmen sN¿p¶ A½tbmsSm¸w Ip«n¡pw AÑ\pw t]mIm³ Ignbp¶Xv. t{_m¡¬ ^manen, ssUthmgvkv XpS§nb Ip«nIfpsS AhImi \ntj[amWv ChnsS AÑ\pw A½bpw Ip«nIfpsS ‘D¯aXmXv]cyw’ ]cnKWn¡p¶nÃ. AÑ\pw A½bpw anÃm¯ Ip«nIsf Ignbp¶nSt¯mfw aäp IpSpw_§fnemWv Xmakn¸nt¡­Xv. XnscIgnbm¯ kmlNcy¯n Øm]\§fn Xmakn¸n¡pt¼mÄ AÑ\pw A½bpw \ÂtI­ kvt\lhpw kwc£Whpw Øm]\ ta[mhnIÄ \ÂIWw. \½psS tlmÌepIfntebpw, A\mYmeb§fntebpw ØnXnsb´mWv? sNdnbIp«nIsft¸mepw amXm]nXm¡fn \n¶pv  thÀs]Sp¯n tlmÌepIfn \nÀ¯p¶Xv BcpsS Xmev]cyw kwc£n¡m\mWv?

BÀ«n¡nÄ þ12 A`n{]mb kzmX{´yw

Ip«nIÄ¡v  AhcpsS A`n{]mbw {]ISn¸n¡m\pff AhImiap­v. Ip«nIfpambn _Ôs¸« Imcy§fn AhcpsS A`n{]mb¯n\v am\yamb Øm\w \ÂIWw. Xocpam\§sfSp¡pt¼mÄ AhcpsS A`n{]mb§Ä IqSn ]cnKWn¨psIm­v F¶m AhcpsS D¯aXmXv]cy¯n\v ap³Xq¡w \ÂInsIm­v thWw Xocpam\§fse¯nt¨cm³. ChnsSapXnÀ¶hcpsS Xmev]cy§Ä ap³hn[nIÄ F¶nhbv¡v ap³Xq¡w \ÂIm³ ]mSnÃ. DZm: Ip«nIÄ FXp kvIqfn tNÀ¶v ]Tn¡Wsa¶p Xocpam\n¡p¶Xv.

BÀ«n¡nÄ þ16

Ip«nIfpsS kzImcyX

hnZymeb¯nembmepw, ho«nembmepw Ip«nbpsS kzImcyXbn IS¶pIbäw  ]mSnÃ. AhcpsS hyàoXzs¯ am\nt¡­Xp­v. F¦nepw Ip«nIÄ F¶ \nebn Xocpam\§sfSp¡m\pw aäpw ]qÀWambpw ]IzXh¶n«nÃm¯hcmbXn\m AhÀ A]IS§fn sN¶p NmSp¶nsöv  Dd¸mt¡­ NpXe c£nXm¡Ä¡pw, kvIqfn A²ym]IÀ¡pap­v

BÀ«n¡nÄ 18þ Ip«nbpsS kwc£Ww

Ip«nbpsS kwc£W D¯chmZn¯zw amXm]nXm¡Ä¡mWv. F¶m amXm]nXm¡Ä¡p IgnbmsX h¶m Cu D¯chmZnXzw kaql¯n /Kh¬saân F¯ntNcp¶p. hnZymeb¯n Ip«nIfpsS kwc£W¯nsâ D¯chmZnXzw {][m\m²ym]I\pw aäv²ym]IÀ¡pamWv. kaql¯n Ip«nIfpsS kwc£W D¯chmZnXzw Hmtcm kaqlmwK¯n\pap­v. F¶m C¶v Ip«nIsf kwc£n¡p¶Xn\p ]Icw ]oUn¸n¡p¶hÀ kaql¯nepw, kvIqfnepw F´n\v  ho«n hsc D­v;

BÀ«n¡nÄ 19

imcocnIam\knI ]oT\§fn \n¶p tamN\w

imcocnIamtbm, am\knIamtbm Hcp Ip«nsbbpw thZ\n¸n¡m³ ]mSnsöv BÀ«n¡nÄ -19  ]dbp¶p. F¶m C¶p \½psS ]ehnZymeb§fpw hnSpIfpw, ]T\w Xs¶bpw ]oT\tI{µ§fmIp¶p \nbahncp²amsW¶p am{XaÃ. Ip«nIsf bYmÀ°¯n kvt\ln¡m³ \ap¡v Ignbp¶nà F¶XmWv {]iv\w Ip«nIsf Bsc¦nepw ]oTn¸n¡p¶Xmbn {i²bnÂs]«m A[nImcnIfpsS (Child line, inipkwc£W kanXn, t]meokv)  {i²bnÂs]Spt¯­XmWv.

BÀ«n¡nÄ þ23  Rights of CWSN –

BÀ«n¡nÄ  þ NnInÂkm kuIcy§Ä

Ip«nIÄ¡mhiyamb NnInÂkm kuIcy§Ä Ft¸mgpw \ÂtI­XmWv. NnInÂkm kuIcy§fpsS Ipdhv, cmPy¯nsâ km¼¯nI ØnXn, c£nXm¡fpsS  {]tXyI hnizmk§Ä XpS§nbhaqew NnInÕ e`n¡mXncn¡p¶Xv AhImi ewL\amWv. \½psS cmPy¯nsâ km¼¯nI ØnXnb\pkcn¨pff NnInÕmkuIcy§Ä \½psS {Kma§fn e`n¡p¶pt­m? ]WanÃm¯Xn\m B[p\nI NnInÂkm kuIcy§Ä NneIp«nIÄs¡¦nepw e`n¡msX t]mIp¶pt­m? Nn´nt¡­ Imcy§fmWv.

BÀ«n¡nÄ 27 þ Ip«nIfpsS kwc£Ww Blmcw, hkv{Xw, ]mÀ¸nSw NpaXe

Ip«nIÄ¡v Bhiyamb Imcy§sfÃmw \ÂtI­Xpw Ip«nIsf kwc£nt¡­Xpw amXm]nXm¡fmWv. Kh¬saân\v C¡mcy¯n ]qÀWamb D¯chmZnXzap­v. c£nXm¡Ä¡mhiyamb ]n³XpW \ÂtI­Xv Kh¬saâpIfmWv. bp²w aqehpw, Zmcn{Zyw aqehpw {]IrXnt£m]§Ä aqehpw C¶v temsIm«msI F{Xtbm Ip«nIÄ _p²nap«p¶p. \½psS ap³]nepw C¯c¯nÂs]« Ip«nIÄ Ccn¡p¶ps­¦nepw \mw. ImWmsX t]mIp¶pt­m? kvIqÄ D¨`£W ]cn]mSn temIsam«msI FÃm cmPy§fnepw \S¸m¡p¶Xv  Cu BÀ«n¡nfnsâ shfn¨¯nemWv.

BÀ«n¡nÄ 28 

\nÀ_ÔnXhpw, kuP\yhpw, KpWta·bpffXpamb hnZym`ymkw 14 hbÊv hsc

Cu hyhØbpsS shfn¨¯n temIs¯ cmPy§Ä Hs¶m¶mbn hnZym`ymk AhImi\nbaw ]mÊm¡ns¡m­ncn¡p¶p. Cu ]Ým¯e¯nemWv C´ybn RTE 2009 \nehn h¶Xv \½psS `cWLS\bnÂXs¶ CtX¸än kqN\bps­¦nepw CXv Ip«nbpsS AhImiambn amdnbXv  RTE Act  2009 eqsSbmWv.

BÀ«n¡nÄ 31

  Hgnhp kab¯n IfnIfnepw hnt\mZ§fnepw GÀs¸Sm\pff AhImiw.

]T\¯nsâ t]cn I«nIsf kvIqfpIfnepw hoSpIfnepw ]Tn¸n¡pt¼mÄ AhÀ¡v hn{iakabhpw, IfnIfnepw hnt\mZ§fnepw GÀs¸Sp¶Xn\papff AhImi§fps­¶v ad¡cpXv. kIqfqIfn Ip«nIÄ¡\phZn¨n«pff PET ]ocnbUv aämhiy§Ä¡mbn IhÀs¶Sp¡p¶Xv AhImi\ntj[amWv. Ip«nIfpsS imcocnI, am\knI hnImk¯n hn{iaw hnt\mZw, IfnIÄ F¶nh AXymhiyamWv.

BÀ«n¡nÄ 32

km¼¯nI NqjWw.

Ip«nIsf km¼¯nINqjW¯n \n¶pw kwc£n¡p¶Xn\pff hyhØ C´ybn _methe\ntcm[\ \nbaw \S¸nem¡nbXv BÀ«n¡nÄ 32 A\pkcn¨mWv. 14 hbÊphscbpff Hcp Ip«nbpw Ahsâ hnZym`ymk¯nt\m, BtcmKy¯nt\m tIm«w X«p¶ Hcp sXmgnenepw GÀs¸Sm³ ]mSnà F¶v _methe \ntcm[\ \nbaw A\pimkn¡p¶p.

3 Ps

A³]¯n\mev BÀ«n¡nfpIsf  Provision, Protection, Participation  F¶o aq¶p taJeIfnembn Xncn¡mw. Provision  F¶ taJebn Ip«nIÄ¡mhiyamb FÃm Imcy§fpw e`yam¡Wsa¶mhiys¸Sp¶ hyhØIfmWv. Ip«nIfpsS kwc£Ww. Blmcw, hkv{Xw hnZym`ymkw NnInÕ XpS§nbhsbÃmw e`yamhp¶Xv Cu taJebnse AhImiamWv.

Protection F¶ taJebn _methe \ntcm[\w, imcocnI am\knI  ]oT\§fn \n¶pw kwc£Ww, XpS§nhb Cu taJebn hcp¶p.

ParticipationF¶ taJebn A`n{]mbkzmX{´yw Xocpam\§fn ]¦mfn¯w F¶nh DÄs¸Sp¶p. kvIqfpIfn {]hÀ¯\§fnepw Xocpam\§fnepw ]¦mfn¯w Ip«nIfpsS AhImiamWv.